Canada, which relies heavily on hydroelectric power to meet over 60% of its electricity needs, is experiencing a significant decline in the production of this energy due to prolonged drought affecting major producing provinces, such as Quebec, British Columbia, and Manitoba.

Decline in Production and Exports

The drop in water levels in hydroelectric dams, such as the Daniel Johnson Dam in Quebec, has reduced Canada's electricity exports to the United States to their lowest level in 14 years. The country has also been forced, for the first time in eight years, to import electricity from the United States for three consecutive months at the beginning of 2024.

This shortage has significantly impacted Hydro-Québec, where profits fell by 30% during the first nine months of 2024. The company has also reduced its exports to maintain its stock and meet local demand.

Climate Change and Flash Floods

Alongside drought, the dams face another challenge in the form of flash floods, which have become more common as a result of climate change. According to experts, heavy rainfall experienced in Quebec and Ontario in recent years has begun to resemble climatic phenomena seen in tropical regions, increasing the pressure on dam infrastructure.

Challenges of Aging Infrastructure

Researchers have noted that 40 to 50% of Canadian dams are over 50 years old and were not designed to withstand “extreme climatic phenomena.” Reza Najafi from Western University emphasizes that there are significant gaps in the current frameworks for dam design and management.

Plans to Adapt to Climate Change

Companies like “Hydro-Québec” are reevaluating their strategies to be better prepared for drought or floods. Researchers are also developing new national guidelines to account for rapid climate changes. However, experts point out that implementing these changes may not keep pace with the speed of climate change.

Conclusion

The current situation in Canada reflects the growing challenges faced by countries relying on hydroelectric power amid worsening climate change impacts. Experts emphasize the need to accelerate efforts to modernize infrastructure and adapt it to these changes to ensure the sustainability of energy sources.