Extensive American investigations have been conducted by three organizers and the Department of Justice, finding weaknesses in the anti-money laundering practices of Canada’s second-largest bank, which are investigations that took its most important deal off the market south of the border.

These investigations are expected to lead to significant financial penalties, which analysts estimate could reach up to $2 billion, as well as non-monetary penalties that could hinder its growth ambitions in the market.

According to court documents filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. In the recent case, it is alleged that Gerardo Aquino Vargas – a former employee of a retail operation in Hollywood, Florida – repeatedly accepted bribes to create bank accounts, provide debit cards, and grant individuals online access to transfer millions of dollars to Colombia, primarily through ATMs.

The court documents do not directly mention TD by name, instead referring to it as “Financial Institution-A” and “one of the largest retail banks in the United States.”

A few weeks ago, the Canadian financial crimes watchdog, the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FinTRAC), imposed the largest financial penalty ever on TD of approximately $9.2 million after a compliance check found that the bank had faulty anti-money laundering controls.

The cases could cost TD more than just the expenses of addressing the gaps. Analysts said potential non-monetary penalties could restrict TD’s expansion in the key growth market.

Regulators could prevent the bank from expanding through acquisitions or limit its asset growth, thus restricting the bank’s ability to expand its balance sheet, which is a key factor in how lenders make money.